THE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS

THE FIRST CONDITIONAL


1 The teacher will explain that part if you ask him.

2 If Harry (invite) me, I will probably go to the party.

3 You will have enough time to eat lunch if you (get) here early.

4 If Tom (see) Miss Irwin, he´ll give her your message.

5 If I (decide) to join the club, I will fill out this application blank.

6 We will get there before midnight if the train (arrive) on time.

7. If Mr. Burton (need) any assistance, I will tell you right away.

8. Father will surely get wet today if he (take, not) his umbrella.

9 If you (be, not) more careful in the future, you´ll have an accident.

10 If Betty (like, not) this sweater, can she exchange it at the store?



THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

UNREAL CONDITIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE


1 If I (have) the day off tomorrow, I ___________ go to the beach.

2 If I (have) a million dollars right now, I _________________ around the world.

3 If I (be) the president of this country, I _______________ change certain things.

4 If that man (work) harder, he could earn more money.

5 If I (be) in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson´s offer.

6 The world would be a better place if ________________________________

7 If everybody dressed the same way, _________________________________

8 I wouldn´t do that if ___________________________________________

9 If I had more free time, ________________________________________

10 If I spoke Japanese fluently, ___________________________________


ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, PUT THE CORRECT WORD IN THE BLANK SPACE.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
The States Parties to the present Convention, . . .

Convinced that the full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all fields.

Bearing in mind the great contribution of women to the welfare of the family and the development of society, so far not fully recognized, the social significance of maternity and the role of both parents in the family and in the upbringing of children, and aware that the role of women in procreation should not be the basis for discrimination but that the upbringing of children requires a sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole.

Aware that a change in the traditional role of men as well as the role of women in society and in the family is needed to achieve full equality between men and women, . . .

Have agreed on the following:

Part 1
Article 1

equality
cultural
convention
sex
marital
Political
distinction


For the purposes of the present __________________ the term “discrimination against women” shall mean any ________________, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of _________________ which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their _______________ status, on a basis of ___________________ of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the ________________, economic, social, __________________, civil or any other field.


Article 2

eliminating condemn forms



State Parties _______________ discrimination against women in all its ______________, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of _________________ discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:


constitutions quality

legislation principle.

a) To embody the ____________________ of the __________________ of men and women in their national ______________________ or other appropriate ________________ if not yet incorporated therein and to ensure, through law and other appropriate means, the practical realization of this principle;
sanctions adopt prohibiting

b) To ________________ appropriate legislative and other measures, including ____________ where appropriate, ______________ all discrimination against women;


protection institutions establish tribunals competent


c) To _______________ legal protection of the rights of women on an equal basis with men and to ensure through ______________ national ____________ and other public ______________ the effective ______________ of women against any act of discrimination.


obligation refrain authorities

d) To _______________ from engaging in any act or practice of discrimination against women and to ensure that public ______________ and institutions shall act in conformity with this ______________.


person organization eliminate

e) To take all appropriate measures to ______________ discrimination against women by any _________________, _________________ or enterprise.


abolish practices modify regulations


f) To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to _______________ or_________________ existing laws, _________________, customs and_______________ which constitute discrimination against women;




repeal constitute penal

g) To _______________ all national _______________ provisions which ______________ discrimination against women;



Article 3

guaranteeing economic exercise

States Parties shall take in all fields, in particular in the political, social, _______________, and cultural fields, all appropriate measures, including legislation, to ensure the full development and advancement of women, for the purpose of ______________ them the _________________ and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms on a basis of equality with men.

THE FUTURE TENSE: WILL & GOING TO

THE FUTURE TENSE WITH WILL

Use the future tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Use only the future tense with will.

1.- He (leave) early tomorrow.

2.- We (see) him next week.

3.- They (be) here in ten minutes.

4.- The meeting (begin) at nine o’clock tonight.

5.- I (give) Mr. Brown your message tomorrow night.

6.- Mr. Moore (read) that story to the students next Monday.

7.- The janitor (lock) the door to the office at 6:30 p.m.

8.- We (have) an important holiday two months from now.

9.- The men (be) here at one-thirty this afternoon.

10.- I (remind) Mr. Wilson of his appointment with you tonight.

11.- Mr. Johnson’s wife (buy) refreshments for the party.

12.- All of the people (be) ready at ten o’clock tomorrow morning.

13.- Mr. Pennyweight (return) to England a week from tomorrow.

14.- Our friends (meet) us at the subway station at five o’clock.

USING THE FUTURE TENSE

Change the verb in each sentence to the future tense with will. If necessary, change the expression or time (change yesterday to tomorrow), etc.

1.- We ate lunch with John.

2.- I returned and asked him.

3.- John spoke to the director’s secretary about that matter.

4.- Charles went to the movies with his friends last night.

5.- The Wilsons flew to Brazil and Argentina last year.

6.- The clerk wrapped the package and gave her the change.

7.- Our guests saw almost all of the city during their vacation.

8.- The student wrote a description of his city for the teacher.

9.- My friend Edward lent me the money a week ago.

10.- Bill sold his camera to Fred and bought a new one.

11.- They read that historical novel three weeks ago.

12.- Mr. Johnson wore his new winter overcoat to work.

13.- My secretary got to the office on time this morning.

14.- We got up early and had our breakfast at 7:30.



THE FUTURE TENSE GOING TO.

Use the future tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Use only the future tense with going.

1.- I (finish) it next week.

2.- He (go) there tomorrow.

3.- We (be) at the meeting.

4.- I (return) and (ask) him.

5.- The teacher (explain) the next lesson to us tomorrow.

6.- We (attend) that conference in St. Louis next month.

7.- I (study) my English lessons with my friends tonight.

8.- Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson (be) in the office all afternoon.

9.- We (go) to the movies with our friends tomorrow night.

10.- Miss Anderson (invite) all of her friends to her party.

11.- Mr. Harris (teach) a different English class next year.

12.- My brother (go) to Baltimore with me next week.

13.- The men (repair) the roof of the house the day after tomorrow.

14.- There (be) an important meeting here next Thursday evening.



USING THE FUTURE TENSE.

Change the verb in each sentence to the future with go. If necessary, change the expression of time. (change yesterday to tomorrow)

1.- We went there last night.

2.- I saw him two days ago.

3.- The students read the assignment carefully yesterday.

4.- John spoke to Professor Taylor about that last Thursday.

5.- Mr. and Mrs. Brown bought a new house last year.

6.- Mr. Foster quit his job with the Ajax Company.

7.- I sent my friend a letter and told him about everything.

8.- Mr. Moore was the teacher of this class last year.

9.- She picked up the paper and threw it into the wastebasket.

10.- Tom and Bill had dinner with Mr. Moore and Mr. Harris.

11.- Mrs. Johnson wore her new spring coat to the party yesterday.

12.- The president made an important announcement over the radio.

13.- My wife bought a new winter overcoat this week.

14.- The Browns sold their old house last year and bought a new one.


QUESTIONS: THE FUTURE WITH GO

Change the following statements to questions. Notice the examples.

1 He is going to leave early. Is he going to leave early?

2 They are going to be there. Are they going to be there?

3 Bill Brown is going to eat lunch with us today.

4 Mr. Foster is going to quit his job with the Ajax Company.

5 All of the students are going to go to the lecture tonight.

6 You are going to accept his offer for a job with that company.

7 There is going to be a party here next Friday night.

8 His friends are going to leave here the day after tomorrow.

9 Professor Moore is going to explain that lesson to them.

10 We are going to watch that television program tonight.

11 Both Fred and Tom are going to be at the meeting tomorrow.

12 Mrs. Johnson is going to wear her new dress this evening.

13 Mr. Brown is going to take his vacation in August.

14 Frank´s friends are going to go to the movies with us tonight .

THE PAST TENSE

THE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS


Use the past tense form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.

1. We (finish) the work yesterday. We finished the work yesterday.

2.- Frank (borrow) some money from his friend last night.

3.- I (like) that movie about President Wilson´s life.

4.- That company (hire) twenty new workers last year.

5.- Mr. Harris (explain) the lesson to us very carefully.

6.- The students (study) those two lessons yesterday.

7.- Everyone (enjoy) the party very much last night.

8.- The driver (stop) the bus very quickly.

9.- The clerk (count) the money two or three times.

10.- My friend (help) me with my homework this afternoon.

11.- Mr. Berg (describe) his trip to us after class yesterday.

12.- My sister (stay) in Europe for two and a half months.

13.- All of the students (copy) the assignment carefully.

14.- The secretary (omit) two or three names from the list.

QUESTIONS IN THE PAST TENSE

Change the following statements to questions. Study the first two examples carefully.

1 They finished the work. Did they finish the work?

2 They were in their office. Were they in their office?

3 Mr. and Mrs. Wilson visited their friends in Detroit.

4 The teacher told the students the answer to the question.

5 That movie about Wilson’s life was interesting.

6 Mr. Harris explained the meaning of the word to her.

7 Those men from South America were at the meeting.

8 The students studied carefully for the examination.

9 The Wilsons sold their house at a low price.

10 The last lesson was very difficult for the students.

11. Their friends watched that television program last night.

12 The man read the instructions in the book very carefully.

13 There were many people at the party last Friday night.


NEGATIVES IN THE PAST TENSE

Change the following statements to negatives.

1 He worked very hard.

2 He was at the meeting.

3 The secretary copied the names from the list carefully.

4 Alice ate lunch at the cafeteria with her friends.

5 The students were ready for the examination.

6 Mr. Harris taught at New York University last summer.

7 The teacher noticed the mistake in that sentence.

9 The last two lessons were very difficult for me.

10 The students brought their dictionaries to class yesterday.

11 The director agreed with his assistants on that matter.

12 There were many people in the audience last night.

13 Mr. Johnson prepared that report for Mr. Wilson.

14 Our friends went to the movies with us on Saturday night.

THE CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE & IRREGULAR VERBS

“RIGHT NOW”
Read this story. Study the verbs carefully.

My name is James Johnson. I am in the office manager of the Ajax Company. I am in the office of the company now. I am sitting at my desk right now.
I am working on a report for Mr. Wilson. He is my boss. Miss Peters is helping me with the report. She is my secretary. She is sitting beside my desk. But she isn’t writing in her notebook. I am not dictating to her at this moment. We are not working. We are resting for a few minutes. I am looking around the office right now.
Mr. Wilson isn’t working in his office. I see four people at the end of the room. Mr. Wilson is with the people. He is taking the people through our office. He is telling the people about our methods. The are listening to Mr. Wilson carefully.
Miss Stewart is wearing a blue dress today. She is sitting at her desk. She is talking over the telephone. She is writing in her notebook at the same time. Someone is giving important information to her over the telephone right now.
There are twenty people in the room. Everyone is working hard right now. Three or four people are writing letters. Some people are studying important papers. Smith and Green are not here right now. They are not writing reports. They are collecting information for me.
I hear some noise in the hall. There are three workers there. The three men are fixing the floor in the hall. They are talking and laughing. They are also hitting the floor with hammers.

QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

1 Is Miss Peters helping Mr. Johnson right now?
2 Is Miss Peters sitting at her own desk now?
3 Is Mr. Johnson dictating to Miss Peters now?
4 Is Miss Peters writing in her notebook right now?
5 Are Mr. Johnson and Miss Peters working on a report?
6 Are they working on the report right at this moment?
7 Are they resting for a few minutes?
8 Is Mr. Johnson looking around the office now?
9 Is Mr. Wilson in his private office right now?
10 Does Mr. Johnson see many people in the office?
11 Are the four customers with Mr. Wilson now?
12 Is Mr. Wilson with the four visitors now?
13 Is Mr. Wilson talking to the four people right now?
14 Are the people listening to Mr. Wilson carefully?
15 Is Miss Stewart sitting beside Mr. Johnson right now?
16 Is Miss Stewart talking to someone at this moment?
17 Are there very many people in the office now?
18 Are Smith and Green in the main office now?
19 Are Smith and Green helping Mr. Johnson now?
20 Does Mr. Johnson hear noise in the hall?
21 Are the three workers talking and laughing?
22 Are they also hitting the floor with hammers?
THE VERBS AM, IS AND ARE

Write am, is, or are in the blank space in each sentence.

1 Mr. Wilson _____________ talking to visitors right now.
2 I _________ sitting at my desk right at this moment.
3 Miss Peters _____________ helping me with a report now.

4 We ______________ working on the report right now.
5 I _________________ looking around the office at this moment.
6 The people ___________ listening to Mr. Wilson carefully.

7 He ______________ telling the people about our methods.
8 Everyone _______________ working very hard right now.
9 Some people ______________ studying important papers now.

10 Smith and Green ______________ collecting information now.
11 The men _________________ fixing the floor in the hall right now.
12 They ____________ also making much noise at this moment.


THE CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE


Use the continuous present tense of each verb. Write the verb in the blank space.

1 (work) He _______________ on a report right now.
2 (study) We ________________ some important papers.
3 (help) She ________________ me with the report now.

4 (sit) The men _______________ at their desks now.
5 (write) The two girls ________________ letters.
6 (work) Everyone __________________ very hard right now.

7 (watch) I _________________ my boss and the visitors.
8 (listen) They ________________ to Mr. Wilson carefully.
9 (talk) Someone ________________ to Miss Stewart now.

10 (dictate) Mr. Adams _______________ letters right now.
11 (collect) Smith and Green_____________ information.
12 (talk) She ______________ and _______________ at the same time.
(write)
13 (talk) The men_____________ and _________________ right now.
(laugh)


IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ (2)
Select the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once. Use only the past tense form the verb.

build
1. Last year, this class began at 8:30 p.m.
put
2. Mary __________________ on the slippery steps today.
fall
3. The Browns _______________ a new house last year.
feel
4. The thief ________________ jewelry from that store.
fly
5. Miss Davis _______________ to Cuba with her sister.
bite
6. Frank _________________ us a long letter last week.
steal
7. He __________________ his hand with a sharp knife.
tear
8. Mary ________________ her new dress to the party.
cut
9. Bill ________________ me fifteen dollars yesterday
begin
10. The man _______________ the door very quietly.
write
11. Mr. Wilson __________________ the car carefully.
drive
12. She ________________ the dictionary beside the typewriter
lend
13. We _______________ happy because of the news.
shut
14. The dog ______________ me and _____________ my clothes.
wear


IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ (3)

Select the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once. Use only the past tense form the verb.

teach
1. The men ___________ for Chicago last Tuesday
win
2. Frank ______________ on the slippery steps today.
fall
3. The Browns _______________ a new house last year.
feel
4. The thief ________________ jewelry from that store
fly
5. Miss Davis _______________ to Cuba with her sister.
bite
6. Frank _________________ us a long letter last week.
steal
7. He __________________ his hand with a sharp knife.
tear
8. Mary ________________ her news dress to the party.
cut
9. Bill ________________ me fifteen dollars yesterday
begin
10. The man _______________ the door very quietly.
write
11. Mr. Wilson __________________ the car carefully.
drive
12. She ________________ the dictionary beside the typewriter
lend
13. We _______________ happy because of the news
shut
14. The dog ______________ me and _____________ my clothes.
wear

SIMPLE PRESENT VS CONTINUOUS PRESENT

SIMPLE PRESENT vs. CONTINUOUS PRESENT
Use the correct tense of the verb in each sentence. Choose between the simple present tense and the continuous present tense.


1 He (work) hard every day.

2 He (talk) to Tom now.

3 Miss Stewart (look) at the newspaper now.

4 The children (sleep) for two hours every afternoon.

5 Those two fellows (fix) the car right now.

6 That French girl (speak) English very well.

7 Uncle Walter (eat) dinner with us every Sunday.

8 My friend (enjoy) hamburgers very much.

9 John and Frank (write) letters at this moment.

10 Mr. Johnson (work) thirty-five hours a week.

11 My sister (need) some money for her books.

12 It (rain) very much in the United States.

13 Mr. Brown (pay) his bills once a month.

14 The student (look up) that new word right now.

15 Mr. Moore (teach) English from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.

16 Mr. Moore (begin) the new lesson right now.

17 I (owe) my friend two dollars and fifty cents.

18 Smith (watch) a baseball game every Saturday.

19 Miss Peters (talk) to Mr. Johnson right now.

20 Pierre (know) all of the new words very well.

21 We always (do) our English lessons carefully.

22 We (do) exercise thirteen right at the moment.


PRESENT TENSE NEGATIVE FORMS
Write don’t, doesn’t, isn’t, aren’t in the blank space in each sentence.
1 He isn’t listening to the radio right now.
2 He doesn’t listen to the radio every evening.
3 We ____________ watching a television program now.

4 We ____________ watch television every day.

5 They ___________ study their lessons after class.

6 They ___________ studying their lessons right now.

7 It _____________ raining very hard right at the moment.

8 It _____________ rain very much during the summer.

9 Mr. Johnson __________ eating his lunch now.

10 Mr. Johnson __________ always eat at that place.

11 I ____________ see any students in that room.

12 They ____________ like milk with their meals.

PRESENT TENSE QUESTION FORMS
Write do, does, is, are in the blank space in each sentence.
1 Do the men come to work at 9:00 every morning?
2 Are the men coming into the room right now?
3 _________ you learn the new words in each lesson?
4 _________ you learning the new words right now?

5 _________ Mr. Johnson work for the Ajax Company?

6_________ Mr. Johnson working on a report right now?

7_________ she usually sit in the third row?

8_________ she sitting in the fourth row now?

9 ________ you read many books every year?

10 _________ reading an interesting book now?

11 _________ the students need help with their lessons?

12 _________ this lesson seem very difficult to you?

13_________ you remember the name of that book?

14 _________ you understand all of the words very well?

WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU WERE JUDGE

You judge

Read the biographies of these two people and the crimes each one has commited. In groups, discuss the crimes and dicide on the sentence you would give if you were the judge.

Case 1
Biography: Karen Mitchel a 19 year-old-woman.
She is not very well-educated and has a boyfriend
Who seems to have a lot of money and travels
abroad a lot. She is very impressed with her
boyfriend, but she knows he has been to prison
twice before. Karen´s boyfriend asks her to go to
Turkey to bring back a suitcase he left there on his
last visit. He tells her it contains important papers
for his business and she can earn $ 5,000 for
collecting the suitcase. Karen thinks it is a little
strange that her boyfriend asks her to go, but she
goes without asking questions. She does not want
to ask too many questions because she wants the
money.

Crime: Drug smuggling – She smuggled $ ½ million
worth of heroine from Turkey in a suitcase. She was
caught at Heathrow Airport, London, as she returned,
but she said she did not know what was in the suitcase.

Sentences:
no sentence, but a warning not to do it again
a fine of $ _____________
_______ years commnuty service
_______ years in prison

Case 2
Biography: Mrs. Theresa Arlott has five children.
She is unemployed and her husband left her three
years ago. He is much better-off than she is, but he
does not give much money to her for the upbringing
of her children. Mrs Arlott would like to go on
holiday with her children but she has no money.
She spends all her money on food and clothes for
the family. Last week she committed a crime.

Crime: Shoplifting – she stole $ 100 worth of food
and clothes from a supermarket.

IRREGULAR VERBS QUIZ

IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ

Select the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once. Use only the past tense form of the verb.


choose
1 The boys went home an hour ago.
feel
2 That tree _____________ three feet last year.
take
3 Bill ___________ a pretty tie from the rack.
send
4 I took ____________ a course in American history.
go
5 The little boy ____________ the glass window.
meet
6 Alice ____________ her pen at school yesterday.
lose
7 She _______________ very sick this morning.
stand
8 They ____________ a letter to Walter yesterday.
fall
9 We ________________ his speech on the radio
blow
10 The wind ______________ very hard last night.
grow
11 I ______________ on the corner for half an hour.
break
12 We ____________ our friends there at 5:00 p.m.
hurt
13 He ___________ on the ice and ____________ his arm.
hear


IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ

Select the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once. Use only the past tense form of the verb.



bring
1 Our team____________ the baseball game yesterday.

cut
2 Mr. Smith _____________ his job last Thursday.

break
3 The other suit ___________ me very well.

catch
4 The man ____________ the rope with a knife.

throw
5 The boy ____________ the butter on his bread.

drive
6 My brother ____________ me twenty-five dollars.

fit
7 The boys _______________ the window with a ball.

win
8 He ____________ the ball to me, and I _____________ it.

buy
9 The teacher ________________ in front of the blackboard.

quit
10 Fred’s new camera ______________ eighty dollars.

spread
11 The Browns ______________ a new house last month.

cost
12 We ____________ to Cincinnati in five hours.

stand
13 The students ___________ their dictionaries to class

lend